They are smelters of iron (Marathi) gaNDa 'four' (DEDR 1215) Rebus: kanda 'fire-altar'. 436) m (Or धावड) A class or an individual of it. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. One more of these very early Taxila "shatamana bent bar" coins, seen from all angles (length 11.3mm / 0.44 inches weight 11.25 gm (100 ratti) Dotted circle is a cross-section of a strand of rope: S.
Thus, this research has important repercussions for the way we perceive both these kingdoms and their ‘medieval’ precursors. At the same time, by stressing continuities with the past, this study questions recent scholarship that perceives a fundamentally new form of Nayaka kingship. Far from being remote, ritualised figures, we find kings and Brahmins contesting with other courtiers for power.
By highlighting their competitive, fluid, and dynamic nature, it undermines the historiography viewing these courts as harmonic, hierarchic, and static. In great detail, this monograph provides both new facts and fresh insights that contest existing scholarship. Building on a unique combination of unexplored Indian texts and Dutch archival (VOC) records, this research offers a captivating new analysis of political culture, power relations, and dynastic developments - with chapters devoted to foundations myths, successions to the throne, the power of courtiers, court protocol and diplomatic insults, influences from Sultanate courts, and mutual relations. This comparative study investigates court politics in four kingdoms that succeeded the south Indian Vijayanagara empire during the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries: Ikkeri, Madurai, Ramnad, and Tanjavur (the latter under both the Nayaka and Maratha Bhonsle dynasties).
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